Enough said I suppose . :(
So Whats The Point ?
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08-12-10, 18:15TorturedarcSo Whats The Point ?
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08-12-10, 18:16samladEverything alright, fella?Quote:
Originally Posted by Torturedarc
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08-12-10, 18:18Doozer
Of life?
Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide
Risk factors may be thought of as leading to or being associated with
suicide; that is, people "possessing" the risk factor are at greater potential for
suicidal behavior. Protective factors, on the other hand, reduce the likelihood of
suicide. They enhance resilience and may serve to counterbalance risk factors.
Risk and protective factors may be biopsychosocial, environmental or
sociocultural in nature. Although this division is somewhat arbitrary, it provides
the opportunity to consider these factors from different perspectives.
Understanding the interactive relationship between risk and protective
factors in suicidal behavior and how this interaction can be modified are
challenges to suicide prevention (Móscicki, 1997). Unfortunately, the scientific
studies that demonstrate the suicide prevention effect of altering specific risk or
protective factors remain limited in number.
However, the impact of some risk factors can clearly be reduced by
certain interventions such as providing lithium for manic depressive illness or
strengthening social support in a community (Baldessarini, Tando, & Hennen,
1999). Risk factors that cannot be changed (such as a previous suicide attempt)
can alert others to the heightened risk of suicide during periods of the recurrence
of a mental or substance abuse disorder or following a significant stressful life
event (Oquendo et al., 1999). Protective factors are quite varied and include an
individual's attitudinal and behavioral characteristics, as well as attributes of the
environment and culture (Plutchik & Van Praag, 1994). Some of the most
important risk and protective factors are outlined below.
Protective Factors for Suicide
• Effective clinical care for mental, physical and substance use disorders
• Easy access to a variety of clinical interventions and support for
helpseeking
• Restricted access to highly lethal means of suicide
• Strong connections to family and community support
• Support through ongoing medical and mental health care relationships
• Skills in problem solving, conflict resolution and nonviolent handling of
disputes
• Cultural and religious beliefs that discourage suicide and support self
preservation
However, positive resistance to suicide is not permanent, so programs
that support and maintain protection against suicide should be ongoing.
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Suicide Prevention Resource Center
Education Development Center, Inc. �� 55 Chapel Street, Newton, MA 02458 �� 877-GET-SPRC (438-7772) �� Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC)
Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide
Risk Factors for Suicide
Biopsychosocial Risk Factors
• Mental disorders, particularly mood disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety
disorders and certain personality disorders
• Alcohol and other substance use disorders
• Hopelessness
• Impulsive and/or aggressive tendencies
• History of trauma or abuse
• Some major physical illnesses
• Previous suicide attempt
• Family history of suicide
Environmental Risk Factors
• Job or financial loss
• Relational or social loss
• Easy access to lethal means
• Local clusters of suicide that have a contagious influence
Socialcultural Risk Factors
• Lack of social support and sense of isolation
• Stigma associated with help-seeking behavior
• Barriers to accessing health care, especially mental health and substance
abuse treatment
• Certain cultural and religious beliefs (for instance, the belief that suicide is
a noble resolution of a personal dilemma)
• Exposure to, including through the media, and influence of others who
have died by suicide
Information about risk and protective factors for attempted suicide is more
limited than that on suicide. One problem in studying nonlethal suicidal behaviors
is a lack of consensus about what actually constitutes suicidal behavior (O'Carroll
et al., 1996). Should self-injurious behavior in which there is no intent to die be
classified as suicidal behavior? If intent defines suicidal behavior, how is it
possible to quantify a person's intent to die? The lack of agreement on such
issues makes valid research difficult to conduct. As a result, it is not yet possible
to say with certainty that risk and protective factors for suicide and non-lethal
forms of self-injury are the same. Some authors argue that they are, whereas
others accentuate differences (Duberstein et al., 2000; Linehan, 1986).
\
Suicide Prevention Resource Center
Education Development Center, Inc. �� 55 Chapel Street, Newton, MA 02458 �� 877-GET-SPRC (438-7772) �� Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC)
Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide
References
Baldessarini, R., Tondo, L., & Hennen, J. (1999). Effects of lithium treatment and
its discontinuation on suicidal behavior in bipolar manic-depressive disorders.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60 (Suppl. 2), 77-84.
Duberstein, P.R., Conwell, Y., Seidlitz, L., Denning, D.G., Cox, C., & Caine, E.D.
(2000). Personality traits and suicidal behavior and ideation in depressed
inpatients 50 years of age and older. Journal of Gerontology, 55B, 18-26.
Linehan, M.M. (1986). Suicidal people: One population or two? Annals of the
New York Academy of Sciences, 487, 16-33.
Moscicki, E.K. (1997). Identification of suicide risk factors using epidemiologic
studies. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20, 499-517.
O.Carroll, P.W., Berman, A.L., Maris, R.W., Moscicki, E.K., Tanney, B.L., &
Silverman, M.M. (1996). Beyond the tower of Babel: A nomenclature for
suicidology. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 26, 237-252.
Oquendo, M.A., Malone, K.M., Ellis, S.P., Sackeim, H.A., & Mann, J.J. (1999).
Inadequacy of antidepressant treatment for patients with major depression who
are at risk for suicidal behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 190-194.
Plutchik, R., & Van Praag, H.M. (1994). Suicide risk: Amplifiers and attenuators.
In M. Hillbrand & N.J. Pollone (Eds.), The psychobiology of aggression.
Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
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From the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for
Action (2001). -
08-12-10, 18:29dr love
Fair play mr doozer .;doc;
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08-12-10, 18:35magicalman9357
Very useful information
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08-12-10, 20:04PinkeyeIt's the place that's now called the O2 where alot of concerts and such like are held. Red Luas line goes all the where there from Tallaghtfornia, and back (which is handy)Quote:
Originally Posted by Torturedarc
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08-12-10, 23:01banterboy
It's that bulge in your pants that initially tells ladies that you are attracted to them.
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08-12-10, 23:03beninor the stain that tells them your just to fond of themQuote:
Originally Posted by banterboy
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09-12-10, 00:13anitasizzle
When the economy was good, I'd recommend keeping a couple of thousand on hand in case one got under the weather, and needed to vacate the place; go to the airport, get a ticket anywhere, and GO. Sometimes you need to feel in charge, and what better way, but FREEDOM.